Whether for income generation or finally living on your own terms, you want a different kind of home.
A shipping container home might just be the perfect solution.
After retiring from ocean-going shipping barges, self-storage facilities, or other industrial uses, shipping containers are strong enough to withstand anything residential life can throw at them. They’re also incredibly versatile — you can place them on almost any plot of land — and they typically cost far less than a traditional home.
If you’re thinking of buying a shipping container and turning it into the home (or unforgettable Airbnb) of your dreams, you have an exciting journey ahead of you.
To better understand how to build a shipping container home step-by-step, read this guide below (and don’t be afraid to keep it bookmarked; you’re always welcome to refer back to it).
Here’s what the guide covers:
As with any real estate purchase, there are some things you need to do before you start shopping or send in the down payment.
What do you actually want out of your new home? What lifestyle do you want — both at home and traveling?
While only you can identify your specific needs, here are a few prompts to think about:
Your answers to these questions provide a foundation that makes the rest of this process a little easier.
Based on your desired lifestyle, you’ll need to pick where you want to live. If you already own land you want to use, double-check that it fits your lifestyle goals.
For example, an Airbnb needs to be in a place travelers are willing (and able) to visit, meaning road or trail access. Empty nesters who love to travel, on the other hand, might want a suburban or semi-rural area that’s near amenities like transit or airports. Off-grid-ers need to be in places where disconnecting from the grid is legally (and functionally) possible.
On top of use-case variables, you should also think about lifestyle variables like family access, community, and local amenities you might want nearby (e.g. “a grocery store within a 10-minute drive”).
Note: You just need a general idea of location, since actually shopping for land will solidify things.
Container homes are small so you need to get creative with floor plans — but that’s part of the fun! If you need some inspiration, check out this Pinterest board of amazing container home floor plans and designs.
An environmental holiday home made from recycled shipping containers. Chiclana de la Frontera, Spain.As you think about your ideal layout, don’t forget the big elements of container home living:
Keep in mind that you can also connect multiple containers to create a bigger first floor or even set up a two-floor home. Just be aware of what that means for wall space or space to add stairs.
Note: Generally speaking, most container homes are either 20 feet or 40 feet long. But within that, you need to leave some space for things like insulation — we recommend about 6 inches per side. That means, for instance, within a 20-foot container you have 19 feet of interior room space.
Every state and city will have specific building regulations that you’ll need to follow when planning a new construction—this includes building a shipping container home.
Look up what regulations you’ll need to follow and what building permits you’ll need to apply for ahead of time. If you’re open to moving states to build your container home, check out Boxhub’s guide to the states that allow container homes.
If you’re planning on being an Airbnb host, you’ll need to confirm that Airbnbs are allowed where you plan to build (and if there are any additional registration fees you need to be aware of).
Shipping container homes can be purchased, shipped, and built for under $50,000 (sometimes under $25,000) — dramatically lower than the national average house price for 2022, which sits at just over $428,000.
Of course, that doesn’t mean you can just spend and not worry about it!
We highly recommend having a basic spreadsheet where you track the vendor, expense category, who purchased the item, expense purpose, total amount, applicable taxes, and notes.
Why, you may ask? For Airbnb hosts, it’s for business purposes—taxes and profit & loss calculations. But for empty nesters and off-grid living, tracking expenses is a way to see where your money is going. Whether this is for personal finance goals (e.g. FIRE) or decreasing your overall consumption, knowing your spending levels can help support other lifestyle goals.
Lifestyle? Check. Budget? Check. Dreamy floor plans? Double check. Now it’s time to start the buying process.
You have two main options for finding land to purchase: DIY research on sites like Realtor.com and Zillow or getting in touch with a realtor. Either can work. DIY research has the pitfall of taking more time, but can be exciting. Finding the right realtor, on the other hand, might take a while — but a good partner can help you find deals you won’t find by yourself.
In either case, you need to think about a few things:
When you’re ready to buy, you will also likely need a lawyer involved to process the paperwork. Don’t forget to add all these costs to your financial tracking sheet!
Once you have land, you can start container shopping!
How many containers you buy depends on how much space you want:
For people with vertical designs (e.g., a loft bed area), you also need to consider height: a standard container is 8’6” while a high-cube container is 9’6”. One issue to note is that 20-foot high-cube containers are very popular and thus are more difficult to source. However, 40-foot high-cube height containers are fairly easy to find.
If you’re building a tiny home, you may only need one container. If you’re planning a larger, multi-level build, you will need multiple containers.
Regardless of the scale of your home construction project, we recommend choosing new “one-trip” shipping containers as the basis of your build. One-trip containers have only transported a single load of dry goods across the ocean. As a result, they require no upfront maintenance or painting.
A 40ft new “one-trip” shipping container.For a detailed breakdown of all the container sizes and grades available to you, consult our container buying guide.
Before you get your shipping containers delivered, survey the area to find the best spot to build on.
Here are two key details to think about (and possibly talk to a contractor about):
1. Grading the land: Ensuring your building plot is not only level but secure, so the home doesn’t sink or slide. This is usually done with a soil analysis (e.g. if the soil has too much moisture, you might need to bring gravel in to ensure the land doesn’t shift under the container).
2. Pick your foundation: We recommend a concrete slab, concrete strip, pile, or pier foundation.
For more information on these four options, check out Boxhub’s guide to building a foundation for shipping container homes.
Once the land is ready, it’s time to plan for delivery.
If you’re working with Boxhub, that usually means arrival in 7-10 days. You’ll benefit from the largest trucking network for container deliveries in the U.S. — our drivers are experienced and can place the container wherever you want it.
Regardless of who you work with, though, always check the container for unexpected wear and tear upon delivery (e.g. a hole in the container or a large patch of rust you weren’t expecting).
For more insight, check out Boxhub’s guide on what to expect from shipping container delivery.
Now it’s time to start building your shipping container home. Whether you hire contractors to conduct the work or take on the project yourself, constructing a container home includes the steps below.
Openings (i.e., doors and windows) turn your container into a genuine home.
Work with your contractor to add these based on your floor plan or ideal layout. If you still don’t have a precise floor plan ready to go yet, you can take inspiration from amazing container homes, restaurants, and galleries.
Boxhub can even provide ready-to-weld man doors — in addition to windows, vents, and more — to bring function and light to your container home.
Shipping containers are delivered with a standard flat roof. However, you might want to install a sloped roof, both for additional vertical space and to drive rain/snow away from your property.
In your roof planning, you’ll also want to think about ventilation (e.g. pipes from your bathroom and kitchen) plus design elements (e.g. skylights) to ensure you don’t have duplicate work.
Shipping containers do lose some structural integrity when you cut openings for doors and windows. The solution is to add reinforcements, something you can plan with your contractor. This is particularly important when stacking containers on top of each other.
These reinforcements might mess with your floor plan a little bit. However, you can usually avoid too much inconvenience if you think about supports strategically (e.g. putting them where a kitchen cabinet might go. You lose a small bit of storage, but you can make that up elsewhere).
After the structure is stabilized, you can frame the interior–adding things like insulation, plumbing, and electrical work behind drywall.
At this stage, you will want to add electrical and plumbing components into your shipping container home so that it’s fully functional.
There are a few other options to think about as well:
Utilities can be what you make of them. An Airbnb host, for instance, might go as modern as possible. On the flip side, empty nesters who travel a lot or off-grid folks may not want every option, provided the essentials are met.
Insulation is a very important step in building a shipping container home because it ensures you have climate control.
Here’s what you need to remember:
You can use multiple different types of insulation such as polystyrene or batt—for more insight, check out Boxhub’s guide on insulating your container home.
The final step–adding interior walls and flooring–brings the container home to life. This is also when you can add cabinets, countertops, and other wooden features. If you’ve created a “tiny home,” you may want to install built-in furniture like murphy beds and tables to conserve space.
This is also your last chance to think about floor plan holistically. Once the cabinets are in, changing things again becomes much more difficult (and expensive).
With a complete, safe structure… it’s time to live your dream.
The interior of a shipping container home. Photo Credit: Alternative Living SpacesWe recommend you clean and wipe the whole place after drywall installation—the dust can get everywhere.
After that, though, you can move onto more fun things:
This is also the opportunity for your storage to come to life—Tupperware containers in closets, setting up a pulley system to the ceiling, or getting creative with flip-up dining tables or murphy beds.
Moving your stuff? Guess what… you can buy a moving shipping container to help transport all your things. And if you like it afterward, you can keep it on your property as extra storage — it will remain a traditional container with a big side door and strong walls to keep your items dry and safe.
This can be super helpful either if you opted for a tiny home or if you’re an Airbnb host, since the additional storage won’t take away from your in-container space.
Once everything is laid out… try to live in it for a bit. You might find you love it or you might find that couch is in the wrong place. These types of feelings are totally natural and are simply the result of starting a new way of living — don’t be afraid of it, try things out.
In certain areas, you are more or less stuck (e.g. appliance locations). However, you can play around with chairs, couches, TV placement, desks, and even bed areas.
If you’re going to run an Airbnb on your property, don’t forget these extra steps:
We like to think this step is non-negotiable.
You can celebrate in any way that works for you: pop some champagne or wine, get your favorite takeout, treat yourself (whatever that means for you—a massage, a specialty coffee, an afternoon off, etc.), or a high-five with a partner then breathe in your new space for a moment.
It’s not about spending money per se; it’s about marking the start of your new adventure.
Whether you’re reading this guide in anticipation of building your shipping container home or if you’re already going through the journey—we hope this was a helpful overview of the process.
As you get more into your project, you’ll likely need deeper resources to answer questions as they come up. Or, if you want to be prepared, you can pre-read all the guides on Boxhub’s blog.
Some recommended reading includes:
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Today’s prospective homebuyers have a plethora of choices when it comes to architectural home styles – ranch, Cape Cod, bungalow, colonial and contemporary are just the tip of the iceberg. Many want a home that fits their functional needs, style, and budget.
While most buyers ultimately choose a more common or popular style, some dare to be different by embracing home designs that are unique or trendy. One option gaining momentum is converting a shipping container into a residence. According to a study by Allied Market Research, the global shipping container homes market is expected to reach $73,070.5 million by 2024, up from $44,768.6 million in 2017.
This blog will discuss some of the benefits and advantages of building shipping container homes and provide a step-by-step guide on making it happen.
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In addition to owning a home style that probably no one else you know does, building a shipping container home has some practical benefits and advantages.
These include:
Now that you’re convinced that a shipping container home is the way you want to go, how do you get started? Making this new dream house a reality will take some planning, preparation, and purchases.
Step 1: Permits and planning
While you might be able to cut corners during the construction part of the project, you have to go by the book when it comes to getting the initial paperwork for your shipping container home. Before you even order a shipping container, make sure you have all the necessary building code permits and planning permission from the local entities. Ensure you’re allowed to build a home and that a shipping container home complies with local and state policies.
Work with an architect and structural engineer to ensure that the floor plan you have in mind for your shipping container house is structurally sound. It’s a good idea to find an architect who has worked with shipping containers in the past because building with them is entirely different than a typical wooden, steel, or brick building. Also keep in mind that anything you can put in a custom home, you can put in a container home.
Step 2: Purchase a container
So, you’re allowed to build your shipping container home. Great. Next, you’ll need a shipping container. The scale of your plans will dictate the size, type, and condition of the shipping container you’ll buy. The most popular shipping container size used for homes is a 40-foot, high-cube container, which offers about 320 square feet of living space. That’s enough for one bedroom, one bathroom, and a decent-sized kitchen/living room combo space.
To make your shipping container house the best it can be, you’ll want to do your homework before you buy from just any company. Think about cost, delivery options, the vendor's reputation, condition of the shipping container, warranties, and past customer feedback.
Learn more about buying a suitable shipping container for your home here.
Step 3: Prepare your land
You’ve ordered your shipping container, so the next step is to decide where you’ll build your home and then prepare the land. That means thinking about the ground itself and the type of foundation you’ll want to use for the home to keep it elevated from the ground. This will keep it safe from moisture, which could affect the contents and possibly lead to corrosion.
A foundation can range from concrete or wooden supports on the ground for a single shipping container up to a full basement for multiple shipping containers. Your decision will need to consider both what is structurally required and your personal preferences. If you decide on a poured concrete foundation, then plan on embedding steel plates into the concrete where the container corner blocks will rest. This will allow the shipping containers to be welded directly to the concrete foundation.
While it's best to consult with an expert, particularly if you plan on using multiple storage containers, you'll probably consider options like a concrete slab, steel plates, concrete piers, or concrete strips. You should also ensure there's a clear path for your shipping container to be delivered.
Step 5: Place the containers
The easiest methods to place shipping containers on the foundation is with a crane and by delivery truck. Nothing beats the ease, speed, and safety of a crane. If you don’t have one, you’ll probably need to hire a local builder or rent a rough terrain forklift for a few hours.
Once your shipping container has been placed on the foundation, it’s relatively easy to make any final adjustments with a large crowbar.
Step 6: Cut your openings
Removing metal from shipping containers is necessary to add window and door openings to the container walls. There are many ways to cut through shipping container steel, including a plasma cutter, cutting torch, grinder, and even a jigsaw (for small openings). For removing an entire wall, a plasma cutter or cutting torch works best.
Note: Before starting to cut openings, make sure you’ve discussed it with your structural expert. Removing structural components of a shipping container can quickly create a dangerous situation if not done right.
Assuming you’re good to go, start cutting holes for windows, doors, skylights and accessories to start making your shipping container look like a home. Depending on your skills, you might want to hire someone to do this for you.
If by cutting in your openings, you create any gaps, they will need to be sealed to protect the inside of the house from the outside elements.
Step 7: Add doors, windows, and framing
It’s time to add doors, windows, and flooring. You can go as basic or fancy as you want – regular, sliding or French doors, and standard or cranking windows. Whatever style you prefer should work.
To save as much interior space as possible, consider using 1 1/2″ steel studs to frame the shipping container's inside. They secure pretty well to drywall and are stiff enough if you end up using spray foam insulation. In areas that foam did not connect the wall and studs, steel studs might be needed. An extra layer of drywall, or narrower spacing of the studs, might help.
Whichever method you choose, try to include a thermal break between the studs and the shipping container's metal walls. This is especially important when using steel studs as they efficiently conduct heat from the interior spaces.
Step 8: Install electric and plumbing
Even if you don’t know how much electric wiring you’ll want yet, it’s easier and cheaper to wire most of it at this point. One potential difficulty in wiring is getting the wire past some remnants of the removed container walls. One option is to run the wire around the steel and make a custom nail protector – it’s an easy and cheap fix.
When considering electric wiring and plumbing, think about if you’ll be adding HVAC systems or an outside AC unit. Also, consider solar panels for electricity. If you place panels on your roof, as well as add in a glass door, you’ll be able to capture more of the natural sunlight and its energy.
Step 9: Insulation and temperature control
You’ll need insulation to help control the interior temperature of your shipping container house. Keep in mind that you’ll lose a little bit of living space if you insulate the inside.
You can insulate on the exterior if that is a concern. Cedar, vinyl, and even log siding can be applied over a shipping container's insulated exterior. Having the outside insulation also allows you to utilize the entire space of the shipping containers, as long as you like the look of corrugated steel walls in your interior.
The type of insulation you use – spray foam, panels, etc. – will also depend on where you live or what you prefer. Spray foam insulation is commonly used, but it’s the most expensive type. Learn more about insulation options here.
Step 10: Landscaping and decorating
Now that your new shipping container home looks good, think about the space around the shipping container. Consider adding a nice deck to extend the living space or landscape area to ensure that your home fits in with its natural surroundings. You can also start painting the interior, lay floor coverings, and make your new container house a home.
Step 11: Inspection and sign-off
Here’s the test. All your planning and hard work is about to pay off. Your new shipping container house is ready for inspection to see if it’s up to building code. Before calling the inspector, have your engineer and other structural experts take one final look so you can address any needed changes to the shipping container building. Keep your fingers crossed.
Building a shipping container home takes much planning and preparation, but it's totally worth it. It's cost-efficient, mobile, and customizable. Begin the process of building your new shipping container home by browsing containers near you.
Infographic courtesy of REthority.com, "Shipping Container Homes"
Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS-thd1A-C0
https://www.mygreenhomeblog.com/checklist-step-step-guide-building-shipping-container-home/
https://www.themodernhomeproject.com/process
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/shipping-container-homes-understanding-the-pros-and-cons#what-are-the-advantages-of-shipping-container-homes
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/container-homes-market#:~:text=Container%20Homes%20Market%20Overview%3A,trains%2C%20trucks%2C%20and%20ships.